In fact, an Arduino is just an AVR microcontroller with some special boot loading code and a USB-to-serial converter.īelow is the internal architecture of a typical ATmega device (in our case, the ATmega168). Another issue with AVR devices is their difficulty in chip programming (as compared to the PICKIT3 for example) if an official programmer is not purchased.ĭespite this, the AVR has become one of the most popular microcontrollers available thanks to the invention of the Arduino, which contains an ATmega at its heart. However, AVR devices are particularly prone to bricking when users start to play with the fuses (specific chip options), which is why it is highly recommended that you have multiple AVR devices on hand. Also, the AVR core has over 130 instructions, many of which are single-cycle (thanks to the one level pipeline), and there is no banking scheme. However, despite being a RISC CPU, the AVR core is arguably very powerful and has many advantages over competitor devices (such as the Microchip PIC range).įor example, the AVR core contains generic 8-bit registers that can be paired to create 16-bit pointers for memory locations. At the heart of most ATmega devices is the AVR CPU, which is described as a RISC-type CPU.
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